photo credit: Crystal Wells, International Medical Corps
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Learn more about the different drivers of infectious disease threats and ways that the global health community is working together to prevent the next epidemic.
Prevent
Prevention is the first step in reducing the likelihood of outbreaks and other public health hazards and events. These publications highlight prevention efforts against epidemics worldwide and provide recommendations for the future.
- Alexander, Sanderson, Marathe, et. al What Factors Might have Led to the Emergence of Ebola in West Africa? (2015)
- Bank of America Merrill Lynch Be Prepared! Global Pandemics Primer (2014)
- Bill Gates The Next Epidemic—Lessons from Ebola (2015)
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention CDC funds 34 innovative projects to combat antibiotic resistance (2016)
- Chaired by Jim O’Neill Tackling Drug-Resistant Infections Globally: Final Report and Recommendations (2016)
- Changing Markets Superbugs in the Supply: How pollution from antibiotics factories in India and China is fuelling the global rise of drug-resistant infections (2016)
- Daudi Simba, Deodatus Kakoko, Innocent Semali, Anna Kessy & Martha Embrey Household knowledge of antimicrobials and antimicrobial resistance in the wake of an accredited drug dispensing outlet (ADDO) program rollout in Tanzania (2016)
- Dr Suerie Moon et al Will Ebola change the game? Ten essential reforms before the next pandemic. The report of the Harvard-LSHTM Independent Panel on the Global Response to Ebola (2015)
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control Extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis – multi-country cluster, Romania (2016)
- Henry Waxman & Bill Corr Waste from Pharmaceutical Plants in India and China Promotes Antibiotic Resistant Superbugs (2016)
- Lord Jim O’Neill The Global Threat of Antimicrobial Resistance (2016)
- Management Sciences for Health New e-learning courses for antimicrobial resistance, good governance in pharmaceutical sector (2016)
- Medecins Sans Frontieres Photo Collective: Providing Comprehensive Treatments for Patients with Tuberculosis (2016)
- Merler, Ajelli, Fumanelli, et. al Containing Ebola at the Source with Ring Vaccination (2016)
- Nathan Wolfe Preventing the next pandemic (2009)
- Richard Valimba, Jafary Liana, Mohan P. Joshi, et. al Engaging the private sector to improve antimicrobial use in the community: experience from accredited drug dispensing outlets in Tanzania (2014)
- Save the Children A Wake Up Call: Lessons From Ebola for the World’s Health Systems (2015)
- Tom Yates, Andrew Nunn Efficacy and Safety of Regimens for Drug Resistant Tuberculosis (2016)
- United Nations Protecting Humanity from Future Health Crises (2016)
- World Health Organization Global tuberculosis Report (2016)
- World Health Organization Preventing Disease Through Healthy Environments: Global Assessment of the Burden of Disease from Environmental Risks (2016)
- Yonghong Xiao China’s national Plan to Combat Antimicrobial Resistance (2016)
Detect
These publications focus on how detecting threats early can save lives. They provide technical guidelines and methods on how to detect threats and outline steps that should be taken.
- CDC and Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response
- Elsevier Ltd. Measuring the Health Related Sustainable Development Goals in 188 Countries: A Baseline Analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 (2016)
- Gehre, Otu, Kendall, et. al The Emerging Threat of Pre- Extensively Drug Resistant Tuberculosis in West Africa: Preparing for Large- Scale Tuberculosis Research and Drug Resistance Surveillance (2016)
- Microreact Hierarchical and Geographical Data Analysis Tool
- PREDICT data
- HealthMap Virus and Contagious Disease Surveillance Data Map
- World Health Organization Using Climate to Predict Infectious Disease Epidemics
- World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa Technical Guidelines for Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response in the African Region (2010)
- World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa The Integrated Disease Surveillance Program
Respond
These publications take a look at historical trends and highlight how rapid, effective response requires multi-sectoral, national, and international coordination and communication.
- Management Sciences for Health MSH Framework for Ebola Response and Recovery at the Local Level (2014)
- Thespina Yamanis, Elisabeth Nolan, Susan Shepler Fears and Misperceptions of the Ebola Response System during the 2014- 2015 Outbreak in Sierra Leone (2016)
- World Health Organization Report of the Ebola Interim Assessment Panel – July 2015 (2015)
Health Systems Strengthening
These publications are a combination of roadmaps, guidelines, regulations, and evaluation criteria that focus on health systems strengthening in regards to the Global Health Security Agenda and ending epidemics.
- CDC and the GHSA
- CDC and One Health
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control E3 Geoportal: European Environment and Epidemiology (E3) Network
- Global Health Security Agenda: Country Roadmaps
- Global Health Security Agenda Advancing the Global Health Security Agenda: Progress and Early Impact from U.S. Investment
- GlobalHealth.gov The Global Health Security Agenda
- Joint External Evaluation Tool: International Health Regulations
- The New England Journal of Medicine The Neglected Dimension of Global Security – A Framework for Countering Infectious-Disease Crises (2016)
- WHO Strategic Partnership Portal
- World Health Organization Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System Manual for Early Implementation (2015)
- World Health Organization Guidelines for surveillance of drug resistance in tuberculosis – 5th edition (2015)
- World Health Organization International Health Regulations
- World Health Organization Joint External Evaluation Tool: International Health Regulations (2016)
- World Health Organization Pandemic Influenza Risk Management, WHO Interim Guidance (2013)
- World Health Organization Strengthening health security by implementing the International Health Regulations (2005)
- World Health Organization Strengthening Primary Health Care through Community Health Workers: Investment Case and Financing Recommendations (2015)
- World Health Organization Whole-of-Society Pandemic Readiness: WHO guidelines for pandemic preparedness and response in the non-health sector
Financing / Economic Impact
These publications highlight the financial and economic impacts that epidemics create at the national, regional, and global levels and provide recommendations on how to better mitigate the risks of future outbreaks.
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington Financing Global Health 2015: Development assistance steady on the path to new Global Goals (2016)
- M. R. Keogh-Brown, R.D. Smith The economic impact of SARS: how does the reality match the predictions? (2008)
- M. I. Meltzer, N. J. Cox, and K. Fukuda The economic impact of pandemic influenza in the United States: priorities for intervention (1999)
- Simon Dixon, Scott McDonald, and Jennifer Roberts The impact of HIV and AIDS on Africa’s economic development (2002)
- The World Bank Group The economic impact of the 2014 Ebola pandemic: short and medium term estimates for West Africa (2014)
- World Health Organization Universal Health Coverage